Radio apparatus

ABSTRACT

A radio apparatus ( 400 ) comprises first and second antennas ( 42,44 ), a first transceiver ( 40 ) having a first transmitter ( 60 ) and a first receiver ( 61 ), a second receiver ( 62 ), a switching means ( 45, 46 ) arranged to provide selectable first and second states, and a control means ( 50 ) adapted to select between the first and second states for simultaneous transmission by the first transmitter ( 60 ) and reception by the second receiver ( 62 ). The switching means ( 45, 46 ) enables the first transmitter ( 60 ) to be coupled to either one of the first and second antennas ( 42, 44 ) and simultaneously the second receiver ( 62 ) to be coupled to the other of the antennas ( 42, 44 ), but prohibits coupling of both the first transmitter ( 60 ) and the second receiver ( 62 ) to a common antenna ( 42  or  44 ).

The invention relates to radio apparatus incorporating antenna diversity.

Antenna diversity is well known as a method of improving communication quality in a system in which radio signals are subjected to multipath propagation. Some configurations of antenna diversity provide for selection between a plurality of antennas, either for transmission or for reception, and other configurations provide for the combining of signals received via a plurality of antennas. The latter category of configuration requires a comparatively complex receiver capable of signal combining. The former category of configuration, referred to as antenna selection diversity, requires a comparatively simple receiver and is most relevant to the present invention.

An example of a radio apparatus employing antenna selection diversity is illustrated in FIG. 1. It comprises a transceiver (Tx/Rx) 10 coupled to a selector switch 16. The selector switch 16 is controllable to couple either one of two antennas 12, 13 to the transceiver 10. Therefore the antenna can be selected both for transmission and for reception. A controller (not illustrated) controls the selector switch 16, the selection being based on received signal quality.

Radio apparatus equipped to operate with more than one signal type is also known, for example mobile phones equipped to transmit and receive not only mobile phone signals for communication with a mobile phone network, but also Bluetooth™ signals for communication with a Bluetooth™ enabled headset or personal computer, and mobile phones equipped to also receive Global Positioning System (GPS) signals. Other combinations can be envisaged, for example a mobile phone equipped to also receive television signals. Such apparatus is referred to in this specification as a “dual signal apparatus”, and is characterised by the ability to transmit and receive simultaneously different signals conveying different data bits. The term “dual signal apparatus” is not intended to exclude the possibility that the apparatus is adapted to transmit and receive more than two signals simultaneously.

An example of a dual signal apparatus is illustrated in FIG. 2. It comprises two transceivers 10, 11 each coupled to respective antennas 12, 14. One of the transceivers may be replaced by a receiver, for example as would be required for reception of broadcast signals from a broadcast system where no return transmission is required by that system. As shown in FIG. 2, a dual signal apparatus may comprise at least one antenna for each receiver or transceiver to provide isolation between different signals transmitted and received simultaneously. It would be possible for the two transceivers 10, 11 to use a common antenna, but in this case filters would need to be incorporated to ensure adequate isolation between the two transceivers 10, 11. Such filters are undesirable because they would increase pass-band loss and reduce transmitter efficiency, as well as increasing component count and cost.

In order to improve the communication quality of the dual signal apparatus, the antenna diversity illustrated in FIG. 1 may be applied to the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 2. The resulting apparatus architecture is illustrated in FIG. 3, where elements common to FIG. 3 and to FIG. 1 or 2 have being assigned identical reference numerals. In order to provide antenna diversity for two transceivers 10, 11, four antennas 12, 13, 14, 15 are provided and a dual selector switch 18 comprising two selector switches 16 is required. A controller for controlling the switches is not illustrated, but each selector switch 16 would be controlled independently because, in general, the multipath propagation experienced by each signal would be independent. The apparatus illustrated in FIG. 3 has the disadvantage of requiring four antennas, which increases the size of the apparatus.

An object of the invention is to provide an improved radio apparatus adapted for dual signal operation and incorporating antenna diversity.

According to the invention there is provided a radio apparatus comprising:

-   -   first and second antennas;     -   a first transceiver comprising a first transmitter and a first         receiver;     -   a second receiver;     -   switching means arranged to provide selectable first and second         states, wherein in the first state an output of the first         transmitter is coupled to the first antenna and is not coupled         to the second antenna, and an input of the second receiver is         coupled to the second antenna and is not coupled to the first         antenna, and     -   in the second state the output of the first transmitter is         coupled to the second antenna and is not coupled to the first         antenna, and the input of the second receiver is coupled to the         first antenna and is not coupled to the second antenna; and     -   control means adapted to select between the first and second         states for simultaneous transmission by the first transmitter         and reception by the second receiver.

The apparatus operates to ensure that simultaneous transmission and reception of different signals takes place via different antennas. The invention provides a dual signal apparatus incorporating antenna diversity but requiring fewer antennas than the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 3, thereby enabling a more compact apparatus, and simplifying the requirement for providing isolation between a transmitter and receiver. In order to benefit from these advantages, the apparatus is unable to select independently antennas for simultaneous transmission and reception of different signals. However, such a constraint is acceptable in an environment where, for example, an arbitrary choice of antenna for a signal is more likely to result in an acceptable signal level than an unacceptable signal level, which is expected to be the case in the majority of locations within a radio system's coverage area.

In one embodiment, when the first and second receivers are receiving simultaneously, the apparatus is adapted to couple the first and second receivers to different ones of the first and second antennas. Such an embodiment has the advantage of being simple to implement.

In another embodiment, when the first and second receivers are receiving simultaneously, the apparatus is adapted to couple either of the first and second receivers to either of the first or second antennas independently. Such an embodiment has the advantage of providing independent receive diversity for both receivers.

The selection of states by the control means may be dependent on an indication of a signal quality. A variety of alternative different signal quality criteria may be employed to select antennas. For example, the indication of signal quality may be generated from a quality parameter measured on one or more of a signal received by the first receiver and a signal received by the second receiver, via either or both of the first and second antennas. In this way, the apparatus may perform the selection to optimise its own reception quality.

The selection of states by the control means may be in response to a value of a signal received via at least one of the first and second antennas. In this way, the apparatus may perform the selection to optimise reception by an external device that receives a signal transmitted by the apparatus and that transmits to the apparatus a command to change state or an indication of signal quality measured by the external device.

A combination of the above state selection criteria may be used.

The invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a block schematic diagram of a prior art antenna diversity apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a block schematic diagram of a prior art dual signal apparatus;

FIG. 3 is a block schematic diagram of a dual signal apparatus with antenna diversity;

FIG. 4 is a block schematic diagram of an apparatus in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method of operating the apparatus of FIG. 4; and

FIG. 6 is a block schematic diagram of a further apparatus in accordance with the invention.

Referring to FIG. 4 there is illustrated a first embodiment of a radio apparatus 400 in accordance with the invention, comprising a first antenna 42, a second antenna 44, a first transceiver 40 comprising a first transmitter 60 and a first receiver 61, and a second receiver 62. The first transceiver 40 may be, for example, a mobile phone transceiver for communicating with a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) network, or a UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) network, or other mobile phone network. The second receiver 62 is adapted to receive different signals conveying different data bits than the first receiver 61. For example, the second receiver 62 may be a broadcast receiver for receiving digital television signals such as DVB (Digital Video Broadcast) or specifically DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcast—Handheld) signals, or any other broadcast signals.

There is a switching means 45, 46 comprising an antenna selector means 46 and a routing means 45. The antenna selector means 46 functions as a changeover switch, being arranged to couple either of the antennas 42 or 44 to the first transceiver 40 by way of the routing means 45 and to couple the other of the antennas 42 or 44 to the second receiver 62. The routing means 45 may be a switch for coupling either one of the first transmitter 60 and the first receiver 61 to the antenna selector means, if the first transceiver 40 is adapted for half duplex operation, i.e. it can transmit or receive signals, but not simultaneously. Half duplex operation may be used in a time division multiple access (TDMA) system where transmission and reception need not occur simultaneously, even though operation may give a user the impression of full duplex operation. Alternatively, the routing means 45 may be a duplexer if the first transceiver 40 is adapted for full duplex operation, i.e. it can transmit and receive signals simultaneously, or even if the first transceiver 40 is adapted for half duplex operation.

The switching means 45, 46 provides a first state in which an output of the first transmitter 60 is coupled to the first antenna 42 and is not coupled to the second antenna 44, and an input of the second receiver 62 is coupled to the second antenna 44 and is not coupled to the first antenna 42, and a second state in which the output of the first transmitter 60 is coupled to the second antenna 44 and is not coupled to the first antenna 42, and the input of the second receiver 62 is coupled to the first antenna 42 and is not coupled to the second antenna 44. The selection of the state of the switching means 45, 46 is controlled by a control means 50, such as a microcontroller. The control means 50 is adapted to select one of the first and second states when simultaneous transmission by the first transmitter 60 and reception by the second receiver 62 is required.

Optionally, coupled to the control means 50, there is a signal quality measurement means 52, 53 for measuring a quality parameter of at least one of a signal received by the first receiver 61 and a signal received by the second receiver 62. The quality parameter may be one or more of: signal level; signal to noise ratio; signal to interference ratio, bit error rate, frame error rate, or any other parameter representative of signal quality. The control means 50 selects the state of the switching means 45, 46 according to the value of the measured quality parameter.

Alternatively, or additionally, the apparatus 400 may receive from an external device a signal comprising a command, or an indication of quality of a signal transmitted by the apparatus 400 and received by the external device, and employ this command or indication to select the state of the switching means 45, 46. For example, an external device may report when the signal that it receives from the apparatus 400 falls below a predetermined quality threshold for a predetermined time duration.

Referring to FIG. 5, there is illustrated an example of a method of selecting the state of the switching means 45, 46. By way of example, the first transceiver 40 is considered to be a GSM transceiver, and the second receiver 62 is considered to be a DVB receiver. The method commences at step 100 where the initial state of the switching means 45, 46 is selected arbitrarily, thereby arbitrarily selecting an antenna for each of the first transceiver 40 and the second receiver 62.

Flow proceeds to step 110 where a test is made to determine whether the apparatus is required currently to operate as a GSM phone and/or a DVB receiver, according to user requirements indicated by means of a user interface. If the apparatus is required to operate only as a GSM phone, flow proceeds to step 120 where a signal quality measurement is made on a received GSM signal by the signal quality measurement means 52, such as a received signal strength indication (RSSI) circuit, and a test is made to determine whether the measured value exceeds a predetermined value T_(GSM). If the measured value exceeds the predetermined value T_(GSM) flow returns to step 110. The current state of the switching means is maintained, and the test at step 110 is repeated in a loop to detect when the user indicates a requirement to receive DVB signals.

If the test at step 120 indicates that the measured value does not exceed the predetermined value T_(GSM), flow proceeds to step 130 where the antennas are interchanged, such that the other antenna is now coupled to the first transceiver 40. Then at step 140 the same test as step 120 is made to determine whether the GSM signal now being received by the other antenna satisfies the quality criterion. If the measured value exceeds the predetermined value T_(GSM) flow returns to step 110.

If the test at step 140 indicates that the measured value does not exceed the predetermined value T_(GSM), then this indicates that neither antenna 42 or 44 is receiving a GSM signal of sufficient quality to exceed the quality threshold requirement T_(GSM) and so at step 150 the antenna receiving the better quality GSM signal is selected for use by the first transceiver 40. Flow then returns to step 110.

If at step 110 the apparatus is required to operate only as a DVB receiver, flow proceeds to step 160 where a signal quality measurement is made on a received DVB signal by the signal quality measurement means 53, such as a received signal strength indication (RSSI) circuit, and a test is made to determine whether the measured value exceeds a predetermined value T_(DVB). If the measured value exceeds the predetermined value T_(DVB) flow returns to step 110. The current state of the switching means is maintained, and the test at step 110 is repeated in a loop to detect when the user indicates a requirement to receive GSM signals.

If the test at step 160 indicates that the measured value does not exceed the predetermined value T_(DVB), flow proceeds to step 170 where the antennas are interchanged, such that the other antenna is now coupled to the second receiver 62. Then at step 180 the same test as step 160 is made to determine whether the DVB signal currently being received by the second receiver 62 satisfies the quality criterion. If the measured value exceeds the predetermined value T_(DVB) flow returns to step 110.

If the test at step 180 indicates that the measured value does not exceed the predetermined value T_(DVB), then this indicates that neither antenna 42 or 44 is receiving a DVB signal of sufficient quality to exceed the quality threshold requirement T_(DVB) and so at step 190 the antenna receiving the better quality DVB signal is selected for use by the second receiver 62. Flow then returns to step 110.

Other antenna selection criteria may be used. For example, when the apparatus is required to operate in only one mode, as either a GSM mobile phone or a DVB receiver, the control means 50 may operate to select the antenna, 42 or 44, that provides the higher quality signal, rather than selecting the antenna that provides a signal that exceeds the appropriate quality threshold, T_(GSM) or T_(DVB).

If the test at step 110 indicates that the apparatus is required to operate as both a GSM mobile phone and a DVB receiver simultaneously, flow proceeds to steps 160 to 190 wherein the decision about which antenna to couple to the second receiver 62 is based on satisfying the selection criterion for the DVB signal at steps 160 and 180; the first transceiver 40 is coupled to the antenna, 42 or 44, that is not used by the second receiver 62.

Alternatively, if the test at step 110 indicates that the apparatus is required to operate as both a GSM mobile phone and a DVB receiver simultaneously, flow may proceed to steps 120 to 150 wherein the decision about which antenna to couple to the first transceiver 40 to is based on satisfying the selection criterion for the GSM signal at steps 120 and 140; the second receiver 62 is coupled to the antenna, 42 or 44, that is not used by the first transceiver 40.

Alternatively, if the test at step 110 indicates that the apparatus is required to operate as both a GSM mobile phone and a DVB receiver simultaneously, the selection criterion may take account of the quality of both the received GSM signal and the received DVB signal. For example, such a scheme may operate to ensure that, where possible, both the GSM signal and the DVB signal are received at a level above the appropriate quality threshold, T_(GSM) or T_(DVB).

Alternatively or additionally, the selection criteria may take into account a value of a signal received by either of the first and second receivers 61, 62 as described above. In this way, the apparatus may perform the selection to optimise reception by an external device that receives a signal transmitted by the apparatus and that transmits to the apparatus a command to change state or an indication of signal quality measured by the external device.

Reverting to FIG. 4, as described above, the control means 50 is adapted to select one of the first and second states when simultaneous transmission by the first transmitter 60 and reception by the second receiver 62 is required. If the apparatus 400 is required, according to the requirements of the systems on which the apparatus 400 is operating, or according to user requirements, to receive simultaneously different signals by the first receiver 61 and the second receiver 62, optionally the control means 50 may be adapted to select one of a third and fourth state. In the third state an input of the first receiver 61 is coupled to the first antenna 42 and is not coupled to the second antenna 44, and the input of the second receiver 62 is coupled to the second antenna 44 and is not coupled to the first antenna 42. In the fourth state the input of the first receiver 62 is coupled to the second antenna 44 and is not coupled to the first antenna 42, and the input of the second receiver 62 is coupled to the first antenna 42 and is not coupled to the second antenna 44. The control means 50 is adapted to select between the third and fourth states for simultaneous reception by the first and second receivers 61, 62 using one or more of the selection criteria described above.

If the first transceiver 40 switches back and forth between transmitting and receiving, i.e. half duplex operation, the control means 50 will switch the apparatus 400 between one of the first and second states and one of the third and fourth states. Typically, but not exclusively, reception by the first receiver 61 and transmission by the first transmitter 60 may, for most of the time, both take place via a common antenna, although the particular selection of antenna will change as propagation conditions change. This correspond to the apparatus using for most of the time states one and three and states two and four. Optionally, re-selection of states may take place at changeover between transmission and reception.

If the first transceiver 40 operates simultaneous transmission by the first transmitter 60 and reception by the first receiver 61, i.e. full duplex operation, then the apparatus 400 as described with reference to FIG. 4 will operate simultaneously in states one and three or simultaneously in states two and four, and the control means 50 will control the selection of these pairs, depending on one or more of the selection criteria described above.

Referring to FIG. 6 there is illustrated a second embodiment of a radio apparatus 500 in accordance with the invention. Except for the differences described below, the elements of the second embodiment are identical to those elements of the first embodiment described above with reference to FIG. 4 and having identical reference numerals. The differences are:

-   -   (i) The antenna selector means 46 of FIG. 6 functions as a pair         of selector switches 48, configured to enable the first         transceiver 40 and the second receiver 62 to each be coupled to         either antenna 42, 44 independently, including coupling to the         same or different antennas 42, 44.     -   (ii) The switching means 45, 46 in the second embodiment         provides the first, second, third and fourth states as described         above in relation to the first embodiment, and additionally         provides a fifth and sixth state. In the fifth state the input         of the first receiver 61 and the input of the second receiver 62         are coupled to the first antenna 42 and are not coupled to the         second antenna 44. In the sixth state the input of the first         receiver 61 and the input of the second receiver 62 are coupled         to the second antenna 44 and are not coupled to the first         antenna 42. The control means is adapted to select one of the         first and second states when simultaneous transmission by the         first transmitter 60 and reception by the second receiver 62 is         required, and one of the third, fourth, fifth or sixth states         when simultaneous reception by the first and second receivers         61, 62 is required, using one or more of the selection criteria         described above.     -   (iii) If the first transceiver 40 is capable of full duplex         operation, i.e. simultaneous transmission by the first         transmitter 60 and reception by the first receiver 61, then one         of the third, fourth, fifth or sixth states may be selected         simultaneously with one of the first and second states, provided         that the configuration of both the selected states is complied         with. For example, selection of the first and third states         simultaneously will couple the first transmitter 60 and the         first receiver 61 to the first antenna 42 and the second         receiver 62 to the second antenna 44. As another example,         selection of the first and sixth states simultaneously will         couple the first transmitter 60 to the first antenna 42 and the         first and second receivers 61, 62 to the second antenna 44. Thus         transmission and reception by the first transceiver 40 may take         place simultaneously via different antennas. An example of a         combination of states that cannot be implemented because of         conflicting states is the simultaneous combination of states 1         and 5.

The embodiment of FIG. 6 may operate according to the method described above with respect to FIG. 5, or may use variations of the method that employ the additional fifth and sixth states.

At least one of the first and second receivers 61, 62 may be adapted to receive a signal which is partitioned into time frames, such as a GSM signal or a DVB-H signal. In this case the control means 50 may be adapted to, while such a signal is being received, re-select the state of the switching means 45, 46 only at time frame boundaries, such that the received signal is not corrupted by the re-selection.

The first transceiver 40 may be adapted to alternately transmit and receive in a time division mode, and may include periods when neither transmission or reception occurs, during which periods power saving may be implemented. Similarly, the second receiver 62 may be adapted to alternate periods of receiving with periods when no reception occurs, thereby enabling power saving during periods of no reception. The control means (50) may be adapted to re-select the state of the switching means 45, 46 only while one or more of the following conditions are satisfied: the first transmitter 60 is not transmitting; the first receiver 61 is not receiving; the second receiver 62 is not receiving.

Optionally the apparatus, 400 or 500, may comprise a second transceiver comprising the second receiver 62 and a second transmitter. In this case the control means 50 and switching means 45, 46 may be further adapted to ensure that simultaneous transmission by the first transmitter 60 and the second transmitter takes place via different ones of the antennas 42, 44, thereby avoiding simultaneous transmission via a common antenna, 42 or 44, and may be adapted to ensure that simultaneous transmission by the second transmitter and reception by the first receiver 61 takes place via different ones of the antennas 42, 44, thereby avoiding simultaneous transmission by the second transmitter and reception by the first receiver 61 via a common antenna, 42 or 44.

The measurement means 52, 53 may be integral with the respective receivers 61, 62 or separate.

The switching means 45, 46 may be implemented using electronic or electromechanical technology.

Although the invention has been described with reference to two antennas and two receivers, and optionally two transceivers, the use of more antennas, receivers or transceivers is not precluded.

Although embodiments have been described with particular reference to GSM and DVB, the invention may also be used in conjunction with other wireless systems, for example wireless local area networks (WLAN) or Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB).

Although example criteria have been described for selecting the states of the apparatus, 400 or 500, the use of other selection criteria is not precluded.

In the present specification and claims the word “a” or “an” preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. Further, the word “comprising” does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps than those listed.

The inclusion of reference signs in parentheses in the claims is intended to aid understanding and is not intended to be limiting.

From reading the present disclosure, other modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art. Such modifications may involve other features which are already known in the art of radio communications and antenna diversity schemes and which may be used instead of or in addition to features already described herein. 

1. A textile formed from interwoven electrically conductive and non-conductive yarns, comprising: a multi-layer warp comprising electrically conductive and non-conductive yarns; and a weft comprising electrically conductive and non-conductive yarns; at least some of the electrically conductive weft yarns crossing selected electrically conductive warp yarns without electrical contact therebetween by being separated from the electrically conductive warp yarns by at least one non-conductive warp yarn in each layer of the multi-layer warp, in which a first pair of electrical connection points provided on a first surface of the textile by means of a loop of conductive weft yarn traversing from a second surface of the textile to the first surface and back, and a proximal portion of a conductive warp yarn.
 2. The textile of claim 1 in which electrically conductive warp yarns are within only one of the layers o yarns.
 3. The textile of claim 1 in which electrically conductive warp yarns are within two of the layers of warp yarns.
 4. The textile of claim 1 in which selected adjacent conductive warp yarns are laterally separated by a plurality of non-conductive warp yarns, conductive weft yarns traversing the warp between the non-conductive warp yarns thereby preventing electrical contact between the selected conductive warp yarns and the conductive weft yarns.
 5. The textile of claim 4 in which the selected adjacent conductive warp yarns are separated by at least three non-conductive warp yarns, at least one loop of conductive weft yarn being disposed around at least one of the non-conductive warp yarns that is not adjacent to the selected conductive warp yarns.
 6. The textile of claim 5 in which the selected conductive warp yarns all disposed at one face the textile in a first layer of the multi-layer warp, the electrically conductive weft yarns crossing the selected conductive warp yarns behind a second layer of the multi-layer warp.
 7. The textile of claim 5 in which the at least one loop comprises a float.
 8. The textile of claim 5 in which there are plural selected conductive warp yarns between each loop.
 9. The textile of claim 4 in which the selected conductive warp yarns are disposed on alternating faces of the textile in first and second layers of the multi-layer warp, the electrically conductive weft yarns traversing the warp between alternating ones of the selected conductive warp yarns.
 10. The textile of claim 9 in which the selected conductive warp yarns are laterally separated by at least three non-conductive warp yarns, traversals of the warp by the weft yarns including a float.
 11. The textile of claim 4 in which there are plural conductive warp yarns between each traversal of the weft yarn.
 12. The textile of claim 1 further including at least one electrically conductive crossover in which a conductive weft yarn forms a loop around a conductive warp yarn making electrical contact therewith at selected crossover points in the textile.
 13. The textile of claim 1 further including at least one bypass in which a conductive warp yarn is crossed by an electrically conductive weft yarn between two successive traversals of the warp and is electrically separated from the electrically conductive weft yarn by at least five non-conductive warp yarns.
 14. The textile of claim 1 in which plural pairs of electrical connection points are provided on the first surface loops of the conductive weft and respective proximal portions of conductive warp yarns to form an array of electrical connection pairs.
 15. The textile of claim 1 in which triplets and/or quadruplets of electrical connection points are provided on a first surface of the textile by loops of conductive weft yarns traversing from a second surface of the textile to the first surface and back, and respective proximal portions of conductive warp yarns.
 16. The textile of claim 15 in which each triplet or quadruplet of electrical connection points is provided on the first surface by loops of the conductive weft yarns and a respective proximal portion of a conductive warp yarn to form an array of electrical connection triplets or quadruplets.
 17. The textile of claim 1 in which a second pair of electrical connection points is provided on the second surface of the textile by means of a loop of conductive weft yarn traversing from the first surface of the textile to the second surface and back, and a proximal portion of a conductive warp yarn.
 18. The textile of claim 1 further comprising one or more electronic components attached to the textile, the electronic components selected from one or more of a sensor, actuator, integrated circuit and optoelectronic device, each electronic component corresponding to an electrically conductive weft yarn and an electrically conductive warp yarn.
 19. The textile of claim 18 in which the electronic components are in the form of an array.
 20. The textile of claim 18 in which the electronic components are Light Emitting Diodes.
 21. The textile of claim 20 in which the array comprises a matrix of individually addressable Light Emitting Diodes.
 22. The textile of claim 18 further comprising a radio frequency antenna comprising woven conductive yarns in electrical connection with and for remote communication with the electronic components.
 23. A textile formed from interwoven electrically conductive and non-conductive yarns, comprising: a multi-layer warp comprising electrically conductive and non-conductive yarns; and a weft comprising electrically conductive and non-conductive yarns; at least some of the electrically conductive weft yarns crossing selected electrically conductive warp yarns without electrical contact therebetween by being separated from the electrically conductive warp yarns by at least one non-conductive warp yarn in each layer of the multi-layer warp, in which the multi-layer warp comprises only two layers of yarns.
 24. The textile of claim 23 in which electrically conductive warp yarns are within only one of the layers of yarns.
 25. The textile of claim 23 in which electrically conductive warp yarns are within both of the layers of warp yarns.
 26. The textile of claim 23 in which selected adjacent conductive warp yarns are laterally separated by a plurality of non-conductive warp yarns, conductive weft yarns traversing the warp between the non-conductive warp yarns thereby preventing electrical contact between the selected conductive warp yarns and the conductive weft yarns.
 27. The textile of claim 26 in which the selected adjacent conductive warp yarns are separated by at least three non-conductive warp yarns, at least one loop of conductive weft yarn being disposed around at least one of the non-conductive warp yarns that is not adjacent to the selected conductive warp yarns.
 28. The textile of claim 27 in which the selected conductive warp yarns are all disposed at one face of the textile in a first layer of the multi-layer warp, the electrically conductive weft yarns crossing the selected conductive warp yarns behind a second layer of the multi-layer warp.
 29. The textile of claim 27 in which the at least one loop comprises a float.
 30. The textile of claim 27 in which there are plural selected conductive warp yarns between each loop.
 31. The textile of claim 26 in which the selected conductive warp yarns are disposed on alternating faces of the textile in first and second layers of the multi-layer warp, the electrically conductive weft yarns traversing the warp between alternating ones of the selected conductive warp yarns.
 32. The textile of claim 31 in which the selected conductive warp yarns are laterally separated by at least three non-conductive warp yarns, traversals of the warp by the weft yarns including a float.
 33. The textile of claim 26 in which there are plural conductive warp yarns between each traversal of the weft yarn.
 34. The textile of claim 23 further including at least one electrically conductive crossover in which a conductive weft yarn forms a loop around a conductive warp yarn making electrical contact therewith at selected crossover points in the textile.
 35. The textile of claim 23 further including at least one bypass in which a conductive warp yarn is crossed by an electrically conductive weft yarn between two successive traversals of the warp and is electrically separated from the electrically conductive weft yarn by at least five non-conductive warp yarns.
 36. The textile of claim 23 in which plural pairs of electrical connection points are provided on the first surface by loops of the conductive weft and respective proximal portions of conductive warp yarns to form an array of electrical connection pairs.
 37. The textile of claim 23 in which triplets and/or quadruplets of electrical connection points are provided on a first surface of the textile by loops of conductive weft yarns traversing from a second surface of the textile to the first surface and back, and respective proximal portions of conductive warp yarns.
 38. The textile of claim 37 in which each triplet or quadruplet of electrical connection points is provided on the first surface by loops of the conductive weft yarns and a respective proximal portion of a conductive warp yarn to form an array of electrical connection triplets or quadruplets.
 39. The textile of claim 23 in which a second pair of electrical connection points is provided on the second surface of the textile by means of a loop of conductive weft yarn traversing from the first surface of the textile to the second surface and back, and a proximal portion of a conductive warp yarn.
 40. The textile of claim 23 further comprising one or more electronic components attached to the textile, the electronic components selected from one or more of a sensor, actuator, integrated circuit and optoelectronic device, each electronic component corresponding to an electrically conductive weft yarn and an electrically conductive warp yarn.
 41. The textile of claim 40 in which the electronic components are in the form of an array.
 42. The textile of claim 40 in which the electronic components are Light Emitting Diodes.
 43. The textile of claim 42 in which the array comprises a matrix of individually addressable Light Emitting Diodes.
 44. The textile of claim 40 further comprising a radio frequency antenna comprising woven conductive yarns in electrical connection with and for remote communication with the electronic components. 